By 1985, the globe had already seen advancements in the scientific understanding of ozone depletion and its impacts on human health and the environment. Convention for the protection of the ozone wyer unepig. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer was agreed in 1985, by governments determined to protect human health and the environment against adverse effects resulting from the depletion of the earths protective ozone layer. Achievements in stratospheric ozone protection ozone. Stratospheric ozone layer depletion has been recognized as a problem by the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and the 1987 montreal protocol mp. Nearly 500 organizations, teams, and individuals from 40 countries have received stratospheric ozone protection awards for their exceptional leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements. In order to create awareness among people regarding the need of ozone layer for our survival, campaigns are being run all over the world. Chemically, it is a variant of normal oxygen, except that ozone has three oxygen atoms per molecule rather than the two found in normal oxygen. Ozone layer depletion causes increased uv radiation levels at the earths surface, which is damaging to human health. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, about 20 to 30 km 12 to 19 miles above the earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. It protects us from harmful uv rays that can have serious effects on animals. The ozone hole is not really a hole but a thinning of the ozone layer over the south polar region.
The ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Handbook for the international treaties for the protection linde gas. The ozone layer refers to a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns uv radiation. Without ozone, the suns intense uv radiation would sterilize the earths surface.
The ozone layer is composed of ozone, a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms bonded together. The signing of the montreal protocol was a landmark political event. Low temperatures, increase in the level of chlorine and bromine gases in the upper stratosphere are some of the reasons that leads to ozone layer depletion. The chlorofluorocarbon and the halons are potent ozone depletors. The stratospheric ozone layer is earths sunscreen protecting living things from too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ozone layer protection environmental protection department epd.
The function of the ozone layer is to shield the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun and to keep the earth warm. This layer absorbs the radiations and prohibits them from entering the outer surface of the earth. The protection of the ozone layer faces a variety of challenges, including the warming climate and the environmental effects of substances developed to replace ozone depleting substances. The ozone layer 1st edition proceedings of the meeting of experts designated by governments, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations on the ozone layer, organized by the united nations environment programme in washington, dc, 19 march 1977. What we all need to understand is the idea that we all are going to have to face the repercussions of ozone layer depletion.
Achievements in stratospheric ozone protection this report describes the achievements of the people, programs, and organizations that are working to protect the earths ozone layer. Ozone layer is the natural filter and preventive shield surrounding earth to protect all. Ozone in the stratospherea layer of the atmosphere between 15 and 50 kilometers 10 and 31 miles above usacts as a shield to protect earths surface from the suns harmful ultraviolet radiation. Unfortunately, this gives them plenty of time to find their way to the ozone layer. The vienna convention is the first international agreement dedicated to the protection of the ozone layer. Substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol are jointly submitting this report to the 2018. At the end of 20, 258 projects have been committed for an. To this end the parties shall, in accordance with the means at their disposal and their capabilities.
Basic ozone layer science ozone layer protection us epa. National aeronautics and the ozone hole space administratio n. The convention commits all countries to take measures to protect human health and the environment resulting from modifications to the ozone layer. It not only absorbs uv radiations but also the radiations of wavelength less than 3. It provides information on the strategies used to protect the ozone layer, including using alternatives to ozonedepleting substances, phasing out harmful substances, and partnering with companies and organizations. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. Experts blame ozonelayer depletion on manmade chem. The emission of ozone depleting substances has been damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is not really a layer at all, but has become known as such because most ozone particles are scattered between 19 and 30 kilometers 12 to 30 miles up in the earths atmosphere, in a region called the stratosphere. Ozone science crossword puzzle ozone layer protection. The effort to protect the earths ozone layer has been the first occasion where humanity has come together to tackle a serious global environmental threat. High ozone exposure reduces crop yields and forest growth.
Environmental protection act ozone layer protection regulations servicing requirements section 4 c t updated december 26, 2015 page 5 chillers 2 no person shall bring into the province, sell, offer for sale, lease, purchase, install or service a. The ozone layer lies approximately 1540 kilometers 1025 miles above the earths surface, in the stratosphere. Pdf protection of fragile ozone layer of earth researchgate. But the one and the most important reason for ozone layer depletion is the. Why the ozone layer is vital to life on earth the ozone layer is a protective shield that blocks the suns harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching the earths surface. How the ozone layer forms and protects formation of the. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the destruction of the ozone layer, resulting in an increased threat of skin cancer. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns ultraviolet radiation. However, the ozone layer is destroyed by manmade chemicals known as ozonedepleting substances ods. Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international environment agreement that acts as a framework for the efforts to protect the ozone layer. Negative effects include increases in certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts and immune deficiency disorders. The the causes and effects of global ozone depletion have been illuminated in this paper. The sun propagates ultraviolet radiations which as an adverse effect on living beings.
The ministry of the environment protecting the ozone layer. List of books and articles about ozone layer online. The maps were produced with data collected by statellite istruments, including the ozone monitoring instrument on the aura satellite. The stratospheric ozone layer is a layer of gas 10 to 35 miles above the earths surface that shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet uvb radiation. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and its. Ozone layer protection 1 january 2017 case study of environmental conservation of ozone in hong kong the ozone layer present in the stratosphere of the earth is utmost important to us as it protects us from the exposure of ultraviolet rays which leads to several harmful effects. Drawing down n2o to protect climate and the ozone layer. Questions and answers september 2012 what is the ozone layer. The montreal protocol is also expected to have effects on human health. The earths atmosphere is composed of several layers. The stratospheric ozone layer is a normal part in the earths atmosphere that absorbs highfrequency ultraviolet uv rays and protects us from their damaging effects.
When highenergy ultraviolet rays uvc strike an oxygen. This case study analyses a surprising success story in the field of international environmental policy making, the threat to the ozone layer posed by industrial chemicals mainly chlorofluorocarbons, cfcs and the process how this threat has been. But through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is. Ozone layer research and technical resources us epa. But through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is healing and should fully recover by about 2065. It prevents us from dangerous diseases like cataracts blindness, skin burns, skin cancer and weak immune system due to over exposure of uv radiations. Ozone layer protection products containing scheduled substances import banning regulation 4 section 2 cap.
The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer 3 2. It was followed shortly afterwards by the adoption of its montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer in 1987. One chlorine molecule from a cfc can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules. Ozone layer destruction of the ozone layer the causes. The ozone layer was discovered in 19 by the french physicists charles fabry and henri buisson. It describes the benefits of these achievements, including healing the ozone layer, saving lives, and protecting the planet. It is one of the most successful treaties of all time in terms of universality.
Introduction the ozone layer is a layer in earths atmosphere which. As a result the total amount of ozone remains constant. The ozone hole stratospheric ozone protection and cfcs nh des. Given that these risks exist even when the ozone layer absorbs about 98 percent of uv light, a future with an even thinner ozone layer is scary indeed. In the 1980s, this frightening prospect motivated the scientific community and policy makers of the world to address the issue of cfc production, which resulted in the 1987 montreal protocol. The ozone layer is a natural layer of gas in the upper atmosphere which protects humans and other living things from the harmful ultraviolet uv rays of the sun. What is important to keep in mind is the fact that prevention of ozone layer depletion is so very important because it directly affects the well being of the people. The ozone layer protects living things from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.
Ozone layer the ozone layer is basically naturally occurring gas in the region of stratosphere where ozone particles are accumulated 2. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. When did we realize ozone depletion was an issue, and how did we fix it. The ozone hole is shown in purple above the antarctic on sept. However, the ozone layer is destroyed by manmade chemicals known as ozone depleting substances ods. Ozone is an irritating, corrosive, colorless gas with a smell something like burning electrical wiring.
The ozone layer protects us from excessive levels of harmful ultraviolet uv radiation. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. You may print out the puzzle, the clues, and the words. Pdf the atmosphere of our mother earth is divided into several layers. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Handbook for the vienna convention for the protection of. Ozone layer introduction the ozone layer refers to the ozone within stratosphere, where over 90% of the earths ozone resides. The concentration of ozone in the ozone layer is usually under 10 parts ozone per million 5. Why is the ozone layer important for life on earth. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 606kb plain language summary. Access information on research and technical resources related to ozone layer science. There exists a layer of ozone occurring naturally six to thirtyone miles above the earth. Ozone layer importance, depletion, effects and protection.
Future challenges for the protection of the ozone layer measures to protect the ozone layer have been successful, but further protection efforts are still needed. Thankfully, the ozone layer protects us from most of the suns harmful uv rays. Approximately 90 percent of the atmospheres ozone occurs from 1018 km 611 miles to. Ozone layer is depleting and we must ban the use of substances that are depleting ozone layer. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on. There are natural processes that create and destroy ozone in the stratosphere. Phase out of hcfcs hydrochlorofluorocarbons begins ozone is a naturally occurring molecule.
Experts blame ozone layer depletion on manmade chem. Uv rays can cause sunburn and damage the dna, the ozone layer. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer 7 i establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of this convention. This page provides links to research efforts led by organizations such as the national oceanic and atmospheric administration, the united nations environment program, an. Cfc molecules are highly stable and can last for up to 100 years. These actions have in the long run probably saved millions of lives, not only because of the reduction of harmful uv rays due to thinning of the ozone layer. It contains high concentration of ozone o 3 in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. Ozone layer protection products containing scheduled.
An ozone molecule is made up of three oxygen atoms. Ozone in the ozone layer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. The lowest region, the troposphere extends from the surface of earth. Index terms bio effects, chlorofluorocarbon, ozone layer depletion, protection. Ozone layer is also naturally broken down but there is a balance between its formation and natural depletion. In 1974, scientists discovered that emissions of chlorofluorocarbons, or cfcs, were depleting. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer it is a multilateral environmental agreement that was agreed upon at the 1985 vienna conference and entered into force in 1988. The troposphere extends from the surface up to about 10 km in altitude, although this height varies with latitude. In order to make these campaign more effective, we have gathered a list of 32 ozone layer slogans. In contrast, groundlevel ozone is an air pollutant, which has harmful respiratory and cardiovascular effects. Within the stratosphere, the ozone layer is the portion that contains the highest.
Function of the ozone layer e ects of ozone depletion structure of the ozone layer formation of the ozone layer depletion of the ozone layer ozone layer recovery 8 of 31 lecture question where is the ozone layer and how concentrated is it. Stratospheric ozone protection awards since 1990, epa has recognized outstanding achievement in ozone layer protection. Ozone layer agreed 1989 ozone protection and synthetic greenhouse gas management act commenced in australia 1991 phase out of cfcs chlorofluorocarbons begins 1996 why is uvb radiation bad. Ozone layer depletion causes, effects and solutions 7. It was then that the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer was created in response. Essay and speech on the importance of ozone layer for life and how to protect it. Environmental protection act ozone layer protection regulations.
During the long winter months of darkness over the antarctic, atmospheric temperatures drop. Document information file name ch xxvii 2 volume vol2. Uv radiation also affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altering growth. The word ozone means smelly in greek because the gas has a strong odor. Ozone is a poisonous colorless gas with an acrid odor. Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming undp. Sep 12, 2017 this week marks the 30th anniversary of the signing of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
The ozone layer acts like a shield in the upper atmosphere the stratosphere, to protect life on earth from harmful ultraviolet uv radiation. Each day the sun is a vicious warrior constantly bombarding and attacking our earth with harmful ultra violet radiation uv. Protecting the ozone layer department of the environment. Pdf the protection of the ozone layer reiner grundmann. Ninety percent of the atmospheric ozone is in the earths stratosphere the altitude starting at six to 11 miles 9. Chlorofluorocarbons cfcs have been identified as the main cause of the destruction to the ozone layer, but there are also compounds containing bromine, other halogen compounds and also nitrogen oxides which cause damage. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer adopted in 1985 aimed to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from modifications of the ozone layer. The ozone layer acts like a shield in the upper atmosphere the stratosphere, to protect life on earth from harmful ultra violet uv radiation. Scientists have reached consensus that ozone depletion in the stratosphere is caused by ozone depleting chemicals. The weaker the ozone layer, the more ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earths surface. Overexposure to certain ultraviolet rays can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems. To the point where a seasonal hole in the ozone layer began to appear above the antarctic.
Mar 18, 2017 in the war to save the ozone layer, and you may be at risk. Uv protection by the ozone layer earth system research. It was adopted and signed by 28 countries on march 22, 1985 at the conference of plenipotentiaries on the protection of the ozone layer. Every year, since at least 1978, there is a sudden, rapid decrease in the stratospheric ozone levels at the end of the antarctic winter. The main things that lead to destruction of the ozone gas in the ozone layer. Ozone is harmful at ground level but high up the atmosphere ozone layer plays a vital role in the protection of all living beings. The ozone layer protects the earth from the harmful uv radiations. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. Substances and other measures ozone layer protection law on the basis of the international framework for regulating.
Environmental protection agency estimates that the protection of the ozone layer under the treaty will prevent over 280 million cases of skin cancer, 1. It protects us from harmful uv rays that can have serious effects on animals, biodiversity and peoples health, including skin cancer and eye cataract. Ozone layer, region of the upper atmosphere, between roughly 15 and 35 km 9 and 22 miles above earths surface, containing relatively high concentrations of ozone molecules. Approximately 90 percent of the atmospheres ozone occurs from 1018 km 611 miles to about 50 km about 30 miles above earths surface. Undps work on ozone layer protection and programme impact. The convention entered into force on september 22, 1988. It contains high concentrations of ozone o3 relative to other parts of the atmosphere. The lowest layer, the troposphere tropospherethe region of the atmosphere closest to the earth. The parties that agreed the convention were aware that measures to protect the ozone layer from.
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